Study Identifies Two Effective Treatment Approaches for Heart Valve Patients - Video

A major international study has found that two common treatments for severe Aortic Stenosis, a condition in which the heart's aortic valve narrows and restricts blood flow, provide similarly durable results over the long term.

The research, published in the The New England Journal of Medicine, followed patients for seven years and compared outcomes between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) and traditional Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement.

The study tracked around 1,000 patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure in which doctors replace the damaged valve using a catheter inserted through a blood vessel, while surgical valve replacement involves open-heart surgery. After seven years of follow-up, researchers found that both procedures produced similar survival and health outcomes.

The combined rate of death, stroke, or heart-related rehospitalisation was 34.6% in the TAVR group and 37.2% in the surgical group, a difference that was not statistically significant. More than 73% of patients in both groups remained alive and free of valve failure after seven years, suggesting strong durability of the implanted valves.

There were, however, some differences between the procedures. Atrial fibrillation, an irregular heart rhythm that can increase stroke risk, occurred more frequently in patients who underwent surgery. About 43.5% of surgical patients developed the condition, compared with 17.7% of those treated with TAVR. On the other hand, pacemaker implantation was slightly more common among TAVR patients.

The findings are particularly important for India, where doctors treat two major forms of valve disease. Rheumatic Heart Disease still affects many younger adults, while age-related valve disorders are rising among older populations.

Experts say the results support a shift toward long-term cardiac planning, helping physicians choose treatment strategies that ensure durable heart health for decades after the initial procedure.

REFERENCE: Martin B. Leon, Michael J. Mack, Philippe Pibarot et al.; Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years; The New England Journal of Medicine; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2509766